What is Picamilon?
Picamilon (also known as Pycamilon and Pikamilon) is a proprietary name for N-nicotinyl-γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Structurally, it is a combination of niacin and GABA.
Niacin is also known as vitamin B3 and is an essential vitamin. It is naturally present in meat, cereal, peanuts, and other legumes. GABA is the primary inhibitor neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and plays an important regulatory role in neuronal excitability. Picamilion was originally developed by the All-Union Vitamins Scientific Research Institute in the late 1960s in the former USSR and became available for use in 1970. It is now sold as a dietary supplement and is used in some countries as a prescription for various medical conditions.
How does it work?
It is believed that the hybrid structure of niacin and GABA crosses the blood-brain barrier more readily. Once it has crossed the blood-brain barrier, it is hydrolyzed back into niacin and GABA. The individual molecules that make up picamilon work in different ways. Niacin is a vasodilator that relaxes smooth muscle cells. This widens the blood vessels and improves cerebral blood flow, which enhances nutrient delivery to the brain. The net effect is believed to be improved cognition. GABA, on the other hand, works directly on GABA receptors present on neurons. This neurotransmitter is inhibitory and is the likely reason for picamilon’s calming, anti-anxiety properties.
Picamilon is much more effective than GABA or niacin administered separately. Studies also suggest that it does it is a more superior blood flow-increasing treatment than the related compounds complamin, dihydroergotoxin, hydergine, papaverine, and vinpocetine.
Picamilon Benefits
The primary usage of picamilon is to treat cerebral insufficiency in elderly individuals. It is often prescribed to patients who have suffered a stroke or are at increased risk for stroke. More recent studies have begun testing its utility in patients with traumatic brain injury. Because of its affect on blood supply and vasculogenesis, picamilon may also be useful in treating ophthalmological conditions, such as glaucoma or retinopathy.
As a nootropic, it is also believed to be useful in treating depression, anxiety, migraine, and chronic fatigue, which are common complaints of patients at neurology clinics. In healthy individuals, picamilon is thought to promote relaxation, enhance mood, and improve mental alertness. Many users say that it accomplishes these effects without the unpleasant jittery feelings and mental cloudiness that are reported with similar nootropic compounds. Although it has a calming effect, it does not cause muscle relaxation, drowsiness, or lethargy like tranquilizer drugs. Many people prefer it to hydergine, and some find it works best in conjunction with other nootropics.
Picamilon Side Effects
Picamilon has been safely used for more than 40 years. It has extremely low toxicity and does not have carcinogenic (cancer-causing) properties. Few side effects are reported, but it may cause headache, dizziness, or nausea in sensitive individuals.
Picamilon Dosage
Picamilon is available in capsule form, usually in 150 mg doses, but also in 100, 200 and 500 mg doses. It is also sold as a powder, which is soluble in liquid and can be mixed with water or juice. Doses of 50-100 mg taken two or three times a day are common. The compound is rapidly absorbed, and most people feel their effects within an hour.
If picamilon is taken in combination with other nootropics, it may be necessary to reduce the dosage to avoid the side effects described above. Some people found that picamilon made them sleepy, but an increased dose may ameliorate this effect. Conversely, those that find it makes them too jittery should consider lowering the dose or the number of times they take it throughout the day.
Bibliography
Akarachkova, E. S. “Chronic Fatigue and Approaches to Its Treatment.” Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 41.9 (2011): 899-905. Print.
Cui, Wenqi, Xiaoyan Chen, Yan Zhan, Zhenzhong Zhang, Yifan Zhang, and Dafang Zhong. “Determination of Picamilon Concentration in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography–tandem Mass Spectrometry.” Journal of Chromatography B878.15-16 (2010): 1181-184. Print.
Kapoor, Vijay K., Janhvi Dureja, and Renu Chadha. “Synthetic Drugs with Anti-ageing Effects.” Drug Discovery Today 14.17-18 (2009): 899-904. Print
Kruglikova, R. P. “How And Why Picamilon Works.” LifeExtension.com. July 1997. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://www.lef.org/magazine/mag97/july-lbn297.html>.
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